Common Image File Formats

Nom abrégé	JPEG	JPEG 2000	PNG	AVIF	GIF	RAW	TIFF	HEIF	PDF
Description	JPEG is the most common image format used by digital cameras, it is the most common format for storing and transmitting photographic images on the World Wide Web.	JPEG 2000 is an enhancement of the JPEG standard. It supports transparency, is able to store lossless data. It is also having a better compression level. As it is unsupported by several browsers, it has not been widely used on the Internet.	PNG was created to improve GIF image-file format. Removing patent license issues at that time; and removing 256 colors limitation.	AV1 Image File Format is a recent image format based on the AV1 video codec and with a wide feature set.	GIF is a bitmap image format that allows a lossless compression by reducing the image to 256 distinct colors. It has been replaced by PNG after fear over patent issues. It is still widely used for animation as it's the only format that supports animation and that is widely supported by browsers.	RAW relates to several image file formats since each camera manufacturer has one or several formats (depending on equipments). These files contains the data acquired by sensors almost unprocessed.	TIFF is a file format for storing images losslessly. It is widely supported by image-manipulation applications, by scanning, faxing, word processing, optical character recognition and other applications.	High Efficiency Image File Format is a container format developed by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). The format has several variants and supports individual or sequences of images.	PDF is a file format used to present documents in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems. Each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a fixed-layout flat document, including the text, fonts, graphics, and other information needed to display it.
Développé par	Joint Photographic Experts Group	Joint Photographic Experts Group	W3C (donated by PNG Development Group)	Alliance for Open Media (AOM)	CompuServe	Camera manufacturers	Adobe	MPEG	Adobe (until 2008) ISO (since 2008)
Année	1992	2000	1996	2019	1987 (still) 1989 (animated)	multiple proprietary formats exist	1986 (version 1) 1992 (version 6)	2015	1993 (first version) 2017 (PDF 2.0)
Avantages	Small file size Widely supported format Compatibility Good color range	Small file size	Widely accepted format Lossless Transparency support	Small file size	Simple animations/short video clips Widely supported format Transparency support Lossless compression Smaller file sizes	Lossless	Lossless High-quality images Compatible with both PCs and Macs Multiple images and multiple pages can be saved in one file		Lossless Protects intellectual property Maintains printed format
Inconvénients	Lossy compression Not great for text, simple graphics, or illustrations	Processor intensive	Lossless only. Poor compression for photographic images.	Limited support yet	Limited to 256 colors (8-bit per pixel). Only binary transparency.	Large file size	Large file size Not great for web graphics Minor software compatibility issues	Limited support yet Patent-encumbered	Longer browser loading times Non-editable content Not great for complex graphics printing Not really useful as a graphic image
Fonctionnalités
Image vectorielle	Non	Non	Non	Non	Non	Non	Non	Non	Oui
Image matricielle (Raster)	Oui	Oui	Oui	Oui	Oui	Oui	Oui	Oui	Oui
Format sans perte	Non	Oui Lossless and lossy	Oui	Oui Lossless and lossy	Oui	Oui	Oui	Oui Lossless and lossy	Oui
Support animation	Non	Oui ISO/IEC 15444-2	- Animated PNG is an extension to the PNG format which is compatible with the Gecko and WebKit layout engines and many image editing suites. Users of software incompatible with APNG see the first frame as a still.	Oui	Oui	Non	Non	Oui	Non
Support de la transparence	Non	Oui	Oui	Oui	- Only all-or-nothing, no semi-transparency	Non	Oui	Oui	Non
Support des couches	Non	Non	Non	Non	Non	Non	-	Non	Non
HDR	Non	Oui	Non	Oui	Non	Oui	Oui	Oui
Profondeur de couleur max. (bit depth)	8-bit	38-bit	16-bit	12-bit	8-bit (but only 256 different colors)	Typically 14-bit	32-bit	8-bit (HEIC) up to 16-bit (HEIX)
Supporte CMYK (pour l'imprimerie)	Oui	Oui	Non	Non	Non	Non	Oui	Non	Oui
Nombre de canaux max.	4 (RGB or CMYK)	16384	4 (RGBA)	5 (RGBA+depth)	1 (palette data)	Typically Bayer data (RGBG)	65535
Utilisations communes	Photography Photographic images electronically and on the web Printing photographs	JPEG replacement, HD imaging	Icons Simple web graphics like logos Illustrations, or raster text rendering		Animation Simple web graphics	HDR photography, Archiving	Images from scanner HD imaging Working with photographs without image quality loss	Apple iPhone photos	Fixed layout flat documents
Navigateurs supportés (sans plugin)
Google Chrome	Oui	Non	Oui	Oui Chrome 85	Oui	Non	Non	- AVIF	Oui
Microsoft Edge	Oui	Non	Oui	Non	Oui	Non	Non	Non	Oui
Safari	Oui	Oui	Oui	Non	Oui	Non	Oui	Non	Non
Firefox	Oui	Non	Oui	Oui Firefox 92	Oui	Non	Non	Non	Oui
Opera	Oui	Non	Oui	Oui Opera 71	Oui	Non	Non	Non	Oui
Internet Explorer	Oui	Non	Oui	Non	Oui	Non	Oui	Non	Oui
Autre
Extensions	.jpg .jpeg .jpe .jif .jfif .jfi	.jp2 .j2c .j2k .jpx .jpf .j2c .j2k	Still: .png; Animated: .png, .apng	.avif .avifs	.gif	.crw .cr2 .raw .rw2 .nef .nrw .orf ...	.tiff .tif	.heif .heifs .heic	.pdf
Nom	Joint Photographic Experts Group	Joint Photographic Experts Group 2000	Portable Network Graphics	AV1 Image File Format (AVIF)	Graphics Interchange Format	RAW Image file	Tagged Image File Format	High Efficiency Image File Format	Portable Document Format (PDF)
Wikipédia	wikipedia.org/...	wikipedia.org/...	wikipedia.org/...	wikipedia.org/...	wikipedia.org/...	wikipedia.org/...	wikipedia.org/...	wikipedia.org/...	wikipedia.org/...

Avis utilisateurs et commentaires